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        <h1>JavaScript基础知识总结1</h1>
    


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            <time class="pink-link-context" datetime="2015-09-23T16:00:00.000Z"><a href="/2015/09/24/JavaScript基础知识总结1/">2015-09-24</a></time>

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            <div class="toc pink-link-context hide-on-med-and-down">
    <ol class="section table-of-contents"><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-2"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#变量"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">变量</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-2"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#变量的声明"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">变量的声明</span></a><ol class="section table-of-contents-child"><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-3"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#简单数据类型"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">简单数据类型</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-3"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#引用数据类型-都是对象"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">引用数据类型(都是对象)</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-3"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#数据类型的转换"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">数据类型的转换</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-3"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#常用数据类型的隐式转换"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">常用数据类型的隐式转换</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-2"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#语句"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">语句</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-2"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#函数"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">函数</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-2"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#数组"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">数组</span></a></li><li class="section table-of-contents-item section table-of-contents-level-2"><a class="section table-of-contents-link" href="#对象"><span class="section table-of-contents-text">对象</span></a></li></ol>
</div>


            <div class="entry pink-link-context">
                <p>javascript是弱类型语言，所以声明的变量的类型是随着赋给变量的值而进行改变的，其中值的数据类型有简单数据类型和引用数据类型….<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="变量"><a href="#变量" class="headerlink" title="变量"></a>变量</h2><p>javascript是弱类型语言，所以声明的变量的类型是随着赋给变量的值而进行改变的，其中<br>值的数据类型有简单数据类型和引用数据类型</p>
<h2 id="变量的声明"><a href="#变量的声明" class="headerlink" title="变量的声明"></a>变量的声明</h2><p>javascript变量的声明只需要用一个var即可，例如 <code>var a = &quot;yale&quot;;</code>对于a的类型是由赋予a的值所决定的，a的值当然可以是简单数据类型，也可以是引用数据类型。</p>
<h3 id="简单数据类型"><a href="#简单数据类型" class="headerlink" title="简单数据类型"></a>简单数据类型</h3><ul>
<li>string</li>
<li>number </li>
<li>boolean</li>
<li>undefined</li>
<li>null</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="引用数据类型-都是对象"><a href="#引用数据类型-都是对象" class="headerlink" title="引用数据类型(都是对象)"></a>引用数据类型(都是对象)</h3><ul>
<li>Object</li>
<li>Array</li>
<li>Function</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="数据类型的转换"><a href="#数据类型的转换" class="headerlink" title="数据类型的转换"></a>数据类型的转换</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">表1</div><div class="line">    数据类型          字符串            数值             布尔类型</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    undefined       &quot;undefined&quot;         NaN                false </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    null              &quot;null&quot;             0                 false</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    &quot;&quot;                                   0                 false</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    &quot;Yale&quot;                              NaN                true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    &quot;1.5&quot;                               1.5                true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">      0                &quot;0&quot;                                 false</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">      -0               &quot;0&quot;                                 false</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">      5                &quot;5&quot;                                 true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">      -5               &quot;-5&quot;                                true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    infinity          &quot;infinity&quot;                           true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    -infinity         &quot;-infinity&quot;                          true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    true                &quot;true&quot;           1</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    false               &quot;false&quot;          0  </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    []                    &quot;&quot;             0                 true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    [&quot;5&quot;]                 &quot;5&quot;            5                 true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    &#123;&#125;              &quot;[object Object]&quot;                      true</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">    function()&#123;&#125;                                           true</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="常用数据类型的隐式转换"><a href="#常用数据类型的隐式转换" class="headerlink" title="常用数据类型的隐式转换"></a>常用数据类型的隐式转换</h3><ul>
<li>数字+字符串：数字会和字符串进行拼接形成新的字符串，这时就是将数字进行了隐式转换将其转换为字符串然后进行拼接</li>
<li>数学运算符（+除外）字符串：除了+号以外的数学运算符如果与字符串连续使用则会将字符串转换为数字类型，如果字符串是数字类型的字符串（如-“123”），则会直接转换为相对应的数字(-123)；如果是字符串中含有字母(如”12asd”、”sws”)，则会转换成NaN</li>
<li>在判断条件中也会进行隐式转换：例如if(数据){} 数据将转换为上表中相对应的布尔类型的值</li>
<li><p>数据 == 数据:也会进行数据类型的转换，比较之后的结果一定是布尔类型的，</p>
<p>  如果是同类型的数据进行比较则不需要进行隐式转换，不相同即为false，相同即为true（有一个例外就是NaN == NaN 结果为false），<strong>至于对象和对象的比较，引用的是同一个内存地址的对象则两者比较结果为true，如果两个对象的内存地址不一样则结果为false</strong>；如果是不同类型的数据进行比较，则需要进行转换，转换有一定的规则，就是转成什么再比较的问题！分为一下几种<strong>常见</strong>的情形：</p>
<ul>
<li>布尔值 == 字符串：则将布尔值和字符串转换成数字类型进行比较，例如 “asd123” == true 结果为false，true == “asd” 结果也为false,因为两端的数据一端转换成1，另一端是NaN，对于false == “”,结果为true，因为两端转换成数据时都转换成了0。</li>
<li>布尔值 ==数字：这两者进行比较时，将布尔值进行转换成数字然后和另一个数字进行比较， 例如：true == 1,false == 0 结果都为true，但是true == 5，false ==-5的结果都为false， 这一点由表1很容易看出。</li>
<li>数字 == 字符串：字符串和数字相比较时字符串也是先转换成数字然后和另一个数字进行比较， 例如：”123” == 123,”” == 0结果为true，”12” == 34, “asd” == 123,结果都是false，这一点由<br>表1也很容易看出。</li>
<li>字符串 == null；数字 == null；布尔值 == null；字符串 == undefined；数字 == undefined；布尔值 == undefined这些结果都是false，也就是说字符串、布尔值、数字与null、undefined相比较结果都是false。</li>
<li>null == undefined 这个结果为true，记住这个即可</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="语句"><a href="#语句" class="headerlink" title="语句"></a>语句</h2><ul>
<li><p>判断语句</p>
<ul>
<li>if语句 if(条件){代码块}</li>
<li>switch语句 switch(){ caseA:语句;caseB:语句;…default:语句; }注意switch判断的时候是全 等判段比较</li>
<li>三目运算符 条件表达式？结果1:结果2;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>循环语句</p>
<ul>
<li>for循环 for(var i=0;条件;i++){代码块}</li>
<li>while循环 while(条件){}</li>
<li>do while循环 do{代码块} while(判断条件)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="函数"><a href="#函数" class="headerlink" title="函数"></a>函数</h2><p>函数其实就是封装的能重复执行的代码块。函数创建有两种方式：</p>
<ul>
<li>函数声明方式 function(){}</li>
<li>函数表达式 var a =function(){};</li>
</ul>
<p>这两种创建函数的方式是有一定的区别，他们在预解析的时候是不同的，至于<code>预解析</code>到后面再讲。</p>
<h2 id="数组"><a href="#数组" class="headerlink" title="数组"></a>数组</h2><p>数组就是存储数据的集合，能将不同的数据存储起来，数组中的元素类型没有限制，可以是简单数据类型也可以是引用数据类型，数组的创建方式也有两种：</p>
<ul>
<li>var arr=new Array();用数组的构造函数创建数组，如果创建时Array(length)只有一个数字，此时表示的是创建的数组的长度，如果创建时Array(n1,n2,..),此时是创建了一个里面<br>装有数值的数组。</li>
<li>var arr=[];这是一个空数组，如果创建时[n1,n2,…],此时创建了一个里面装有数值的数组。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="对象"><a href="#对象" class="headerlink" title="对象"></a>对象</h2><p>对象是对客观事物的抽象，事物的特征可以用属性表示，事物的行为可以用方法表示，关于对象的深入理解，后面详说</p>

                
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